Respiratory Acidosis Complications
Muscle Dysfunction
Respiratory acidosis is marked by low oxygen levels and increased amounts of carbonic acid. These two factors can combine to cause problems with muscle function. Patients who have chronic respiratory acidosis can develop an abnormal gait due to problems with leg muscles as well as some of the core muscles needed for proper balance. Respiratory acidosis can also result in muscle twitching and muscle tremors, the Merck Manual explains. Some patients may experience a symptom known as asterixis, which is a tremor that occurs in the wrist when the wrist is fully extended. Patients suffering from respiratory acidosis may also have diminished deep tendon reflexes.
Narcosis
Respiratory acidosis also can cause increased levels of carbon dioxide in the central nervous system, states the Merck Manual. This can alter a patient’s mental state and result in a headache, anxiety and confusion. In some cases, patients may develop a condition known as carbon dioxide narcosis, which is marked by stupor or decreased consciousness.
Organ Failure
One of the dangerous aspects of respiratory acidosis is that it also results in low oxygen concentrations in the blood. This can lead to permanent organ damage and failure, Medline Plus explains. This is especially true for organs which require extensive blood flow, such as the kidneys and the heart.
Respiratory Failure
Respiratory acidosis is a condition which is marked by already impaired lung function, either due to problems with the lungs themselves or due to a decreased breathing rate. If the condition is allowed to persist it can result in gradually worsening lung function, ultimately leading to complete respiratory failure, according to Drugs.com. This results in the lungs completely failing and leads to an acute drop of oxygen levels in the blood. Respiratory failure is fatal if not immediately corrected.
Shock
Another complication of respiratory acidosis is shock, Drugs.com notes. This shock is due to the decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide content of the blood. Shock is marked by clammy skin, a rapid and weak heartbeat, shallow breathing, and blue fingernails and lips. Patients in shock may also be confused, dizzy, lightheaded or unconscious. Shock is also marked by almost no urine output and agitation or anxiety.